Improving the gas recovery and separation efficiency of a hydrate-based gas separation

Efficient gas recovery and separation in a hydrate-based system was investigated for a model gaseous mixture of R22 and nitrogen. The formed hydrate settled in the recovery vessel; excess water was recycled and the hydrate was subsequently decomposed by releasing pressure from the vessel. The gas uptake rate of R22 gas from the vapor phase and the gas recovery rate from the hydrate were determined from hydrate formation and decomposition, respectively. The gas recovery rate of R22 gas gradually increased with time. On the contrary, the nitrogen gas recovery rate was a maximum in the initial stage of hydrate decomposition. A high separation factor (S.F.) was achieved by first separating the N₂-rich gas generated during initial hydrate decomposition. An efficient hydrate-based gas separation and recovery process is proposed.     

输气管道杂质沉积量模拟计算

输气管道日常管理中缺少对管道内杂质沉积量的预测,使得在实际生产中,输送效率成为确定管道清管周期、评价清管效果的唯一定量指标,具有一定的局限性。为此,根据含杂质沉积管道内流体动力学特点,采用欧拉法建立了输气管道杂质沉积预测模型,以川渝地区输气管线为例,模拟计算了管道内杂质沉积平均厚度、沉积量及含杂质沉积管道当量直径并将一次清管作业实际排污量与模拟结果进行对比,验证了模型。计算得出模拟计算排污量与实际排污量相差47.9m3,并得到了管道输气量和运行压差对杂质沉积量的影响规律:1压差一定时,管道杂质沉积量随输气量增大而降低;2起点压力一定时,管道杂质沉积量随压差增大而增大。     

SAGD井口安全配套工艺适应性研究

蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术(Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage,简称SAGD)是国际超稠油开发的一项前沿技术,具有高的采油能力、高油汽比、较高的最终采收率及降低井间干扰,避免过早井间窜通的优点。但由于其生产的特殊性,高干度蒸汽的连续注入,存在高温、高压、大排量、大载荷、闪蒸等恶劣工况,采用常规的油井井口安全配套工艺难以满足SAGD油井生产安全需求,为解决这一问题,本文在已经形成的SAGD井口安全配套工艺基础上,开展"SAGD井口安全配套工艺适应性研究"项目研究意义重大,保证了SAGD生产安全稳定进行。     

Influence of atomizer exit area ratio on the breakup morphology of coaxial air and round water jets

The goal of this article is to study the effect of atomizer exit area ratio on atomizer performance. The experiments are performed on the round liquid jet breakup of seven coaxial air‐blast atomizers with water–air systems. The breakup morphology of liquid jet is observed first. The membrane‐type breakup can be divided into two subregimes called bag‐type breakup and membrane‐fiber breakup, and a correlation of characteristic length on bag‐type breakup regime is obtained. Then, we analyze the influence of atomizer exit area ratio on the breakup morphology of water‐air jets. To obtain reasonable atomization morphology criterions, the atomizer exit area ratio is used to modify the Weber number and momentum flux ratio per unit volume. This method is found to be able to explain different experimental results in the literature, which is also close to the results of round liquid jet in cross air flow and secondary atomization. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2335–2345, 2014     

工业苯酚丙酮装置氧化尾气的气相色谱分析

采用质量分数2.5%的邻苯二甲酸二壬酯和质量分数2.5%的硅藻土,以chromsorb G·DMCX(150~180μm)为担体的色谱填充柱进行分离,氢火焰离子化检测器进行检测,用峰面积外标法进行定量分析,同时对工业苯酚丙酮装置氧化尾气组成进行气相色谱分析。对色谱柱的选择、操作条件的优化、定性、定量分析,进样量和线性范围、最低检测限等实验项目进行了考察,实验结果表明此方法具有操作简单、分析速度快、分析成本低、重复性与准确性好等特点。     

鼓泡床反应器中气液分配器对气含率的影响

以水和空气分别模拟工业上的重质原油和氢气迚行冷模试验,考察鼓泡床反应器新型气液分配器对气含率的影响,迚而优化幵确定气液分配器的结构形式和结构参数。试验结果表明,气液分配器对总体平均气含率的影响,随表观气速的增大基本呈线性增长,与其他鼓泡床迚料内构件结构的影响基本一致,幵且稍高一些(3%~5%)。对局部气含率的影响:轴向上,在测试范围内,轴向位置越高,气含率越高,主要和泡罩式气液分配器结构有关;径向上,气体在床层中分布不均匀,中间多,近壁少,同一高度时,中心处气含率一般为近壁气含率的1.5~2倍。     

气相色谱法测定粗苯中苯、甲苯和二甲苯含量

建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定粗苯中苯、甲苯、二甲苯含量的方法。采用HP-5毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,单点标准对照法定量。该方法分析速度快,测定重现性好,准确度和精密度高,三苯各个组分相对标准偏差均小于6%,回收率在96.0%~100.8%间。     

提高浅冷装置轻烃产量技术研究

根据浅冷装置的运行现状,对制约轻烃产量的因素进行分析,对轻烃生产及输送工艺实施优化,使现有资源得到有效利用,实现提高装置轻烃产量及装置本质安全的目的。     

天然气管道泄漏过程的参数变化研究

城市天然气管道泄漏是个复杂的非稳态过程,整个泄漏过程中气体流动状态随时间发生变化,利用计算机计算泄漏质量流量、泄漏速度等参数的变化。把泄漏过程分成多个时间段进行计算,单个时间段的计算是稳态泄漏,再结合理想气体状态方程、绝热方程、伯努利方程和质量守恒定律进行计算,然后把计算数据进行拟合得出泄漏质量流量、管道内压力、泄漏气体质量以及泄漏速度随时间的变化规律,为提高泄漏扩散模拟评价结果的准确性提供保证。     

输气站场管道的外腐蚀检测技术

为了确保输气站场管道安全稳定运行,防止站场管道发生腐蚀穿孔,需要对站场管道进行外腐蚀检测,知道站场管道状态做出安全评估。采用PCM检测方法检测管道防腐涂层损坏程度就可间接得到管道的腐蚀情况,从而实现埋地管线的不开挖检测。提出一些检测时需改进的意见。检测之前,要了解清楚站场管道的走向和埋深状况,以及各处配件状况,从而确定检测的管段和信号接入点位置;检测过程中,应尽量关闭埋地电源线的电源;检测完毕之后要对管道防腐涂层破损处进行定位,对于电磁信号波动比较大的地方,应多次测量,排除干扰因素,还可以开挖检测。所以,通过PCM检测防腐涂层来判断站场管道的外腐蚀情况是经济可行的方法。